Understanding Motivation for Behavior Change to Decrease Sedentary Behavior in Midlife Women: A Qualitative Study

abstract: Sedentary behavior has recently been recognized as a widespread, independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality from chronic conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Midlife women (age 40-64) are known to have high levels of sedentary behavior and corresponding cardiovascular disease risk. Currently, little is known about mechanisms involved in reducing and maintaining reductions to sedentary behavior in midlife women. Theory-based nursing interventions are needed which reflect process, personal meaning, person-environment interaction, and incorporate a strength-based perspective. Wellness Motivation Theory guided the research, conceptualizing behavioral change processes within culturally and environmentally relevant contexts, while recognizing bidirectional influences of personal and environmental factors on behavioral patterns. The Wellness Motivation Theory addresses social support and norms, community and material resources that influence behavioral choices, individual motivation and goals, and the behavioral change processes of self-knowledge, motivational appraisal, and self-regulation. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore social contextual resources and behavior change processes leading to action as decreasing sedentary time in midlife women. The maximum variation sample included 31 midlife women, employees of Arizona State University. Participants attended a one-hour focus group to discuss their experiences with sedentary behavior, and their efforts to sit less and move more. Midlife women characterized social support as: Raising Me Up, Timing Time and Walking and Talking. Support from contextual resources reflected themes of Seeking Place, Stepping Up, and Walking the Talk. Women experienced self-knowledge as Envisioning the Future, Taking Inventory, and Considering Possibles. Motivational appraisal was characterized as Reevaluating Priorities, Wayfinding, and Going All In. Self-regulation was reflected as Recounting Benefits, Keeping On Track, and Creating New Ways. A deeper understanding of motivational processes central to reducing sedentary behavior in midlife women fosters identification of leverage points for future theory-based intervention research which provides primary prevention opportunities to lower cardiovascular disease risk, and promote successful aging.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 201

Manejo interprofesoral de las enfermedades cardiovasculares

Se conocen como enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) al infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico o hemorrágico y la enfermedad vascular periférica, también conocidas como enfermedades vasculares ateroscleróticas, pues tienen en común que el proceso fisiopatológico básico es el desarrollo de aterosclerosis en la vasculatura que irriga a los órganos afectados. El IAM y ACV son eventos agudos que se deben principalmente a obstrucciones en los vasos, las cuales se presentan cuando se produce ruptura de una placa aterosclerótica ocasionando un cuadro de atero-trombosis, fenómeno que explica la sintomatología de los eventos agudos. Actualmente las ECV se constituyen en la primera causa de morbi-mortalidad en todo el mundo, ocasionando que cada año mueran más personas por estas enfermedades que por cualquier otra causa. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), anualmente 17,5 millones de personas en el mundo, es decir el 31% de las defunciones totales mueren a causa de alguna ECV, siendo que 7,4 millones se debe a IAM y 6,7 millones AVC.  Las ECV son consideradas al momento como una epidemia global que afecta a individuos de todos los países, independientemente de sus ingresos económicos, pero que han tenido un gran incremento en los países de ingresos medianos y bajos, afectando casi por igual a ambos sexos. Actualmente las ECV en su conjunto son la principal causa de muerte en Colombia, con el IAM ocasionando el 17% de la mortalidad general, tanto en hombres como en mujeres, seguida por el ACV y las enfermedades hipertensivas.Como citar este artículo: Lopez-Jaramillo P, Rueda-García D. Manejo interprofesoral de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(2): e756. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i2.75

Importance of geriatric population´s diet

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfemeríaIntroducción: La pirámide de la población de España continúa su proceso de envejecimiento, lo que supone un alto porcentaje de población geriátrica (mayores de 65 años) y una elevada prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La funcionalidad del sistema musculoesquelético es fundamental para evitar el sedentarismo que, junto a una alimentación equilibrada, podría participar en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el papel de la alimentación en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares y alteraciones en el sistema musculoesquelético en la población geriátrica. Metodología: Revisión narrativa. La búsqueda bibliográfica se ha realizado en las bases de datos: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scielo y Cuiden. Resultados: Se han revisado diversos estudios que relacionan, la alimentación y la actividad física con la salud cardiovascular y musculoesquelética en la población geriátrica. Conclusiones: Por su variedad la dieta más recomendada para el mantenimiento de la salud cardiovascular y musculoesquelética es la mediterránea. Aunque, una dieta equilibrada en todos los nutrientes sería igual de beneficiosa, ya que lo importante es la variedad de los nutrientes. Para una completa salud en el sistema cardiovascular y musculoesquelético, hay que tomar en consideración prevenir factores de riesgo, como son la obesidad, sedentarismo, consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo. Por ello, es importante sumar a la dieta la actividad física. La labor de enfermería reside en la educación para la salud, que promueva un estilo de vida saludable no sólo en los mayores, sino en todas las etapas vitales.Introduction: The population pyramid of Spain continues its aging process, which entails a high percentage of the geriatric population (over 65 years) and a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The functionality of the musculoskeletal system is essential to avoid sedentary lifestyles which, together with a balanced diet, could participate in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review on the role of diet in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and alterations in the musculoskeletal system in the geriatric population. Methodology: Narrative review. The bibliographic research has been carried out in the databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scielo and Cuiden. Results: Various studies which relate diet and physical activity to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in the geriatric population have been reviewed. Conclusions: Because of its variety, the most recommended diet for the maintenance of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health is the Mediterranean. Although, a balanced diet in all nutrients would be beneficial as well, since the important thing is the variety of nutrients. To have a complete health in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system, it is necessary to take into consideration preventing risk factors, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyles, alcohol consumption and smoking. Therefore, it is important to add physical activity to the diet. Nursing work is based on health education, which promotes a healthy lifestyle not only in the elderly, but at all life stages

F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies Are Failing in America, 2005

Examines national and state obesity rates and government policies. Challenges the research community to focus on major research questions to inform policy decisions, and policymakers to pursue actions to combat the obesity crisis

Predictors of Cardiovascular Health Promotion

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States (US), and underrepresented racial-ethnic groups experience cardiovascular health disparities in access to care, preventive services, and medical treatments. In Mexican-Americans, the burden of CHD is equal, if not greater than that of non-Hispanic whites. A health-promoting lifestyle can largely reduce cardiovascular risk and/or delay disease progression. Hence, the purpose of this study is to identify predictors associated with cardiovascular health-promoting lifestyle behaviors in Mexican-American women. A descriptive cross-sectional study design targeted Mexican-American women residing in the Philadelphia area. A sample of 128 women, at least 18 years old and free of CHD, was enrolled. Analyses consisted of correlations and multiple linear regressions to determine the influence between knowledge of CHD and associated risk factors, perceived health status, acculturation level, and menopausal status on cardiovascular health promotion. Spanish surveys were used for data collection. A mild positive correlation was found between perceived health status and cardiovascular health-promoting lifestyles (r=.495, p=.001) and also with knowledge levels of CHD and risk (r=.305, p=.001). In adjusted models, cardiovascular health promotion was only associated with perceived health status (b=.112, 95% CI=.058-.165, p\u3c.001). Demographic variables that also supported heart-healthy lifestyles were: increased age (b=.009, p =.050); post college versus less than five years of formal schooling (b=-.327, p=.038); and needing reading assistance (b=-.373, p=0.002). Study findings reveal a relatively young sample of Mexican-American women who preferred to speak Spanish, regardless of birth country, length of US residency, or acculturation level. These women perceived they could influence the present, when it becomes necessary, but maintained a positive health outlook. Study findings thus broaden existing knowledge of cardiovascular health promotion in underserved ethnic populations and add depth to the prevailing health disparity paradigm that affects Hispanic healthcare in the US today. Enhanced understanding fosters future development of sex-specific and culturally-sensitive strategies to promote heart-healthy lifestyles and effectively eliminate health disparities in this growing cohort of women

Relación entre los hábitos alimentarios y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas de la localidad de Chapinero, Bogotá

Antecedentes: los hábitos alimentarios inciden directamente en el rendimiento académico. Entre la población de jóvenes universitarios, se ha observado que existe asociación entre los buenos hábitos de alimentación y de estudio, lo que repercute positivamente en su rendimiento académico. Objetivo: determinar la relación existente entre los hábitos alimentarios y el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas de Chapinero, Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario desarrollado por el grupo de investigación GRIINSAN de la Facultad de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad del Atlántico entre una muestra de 68 estudiantes de uni­versidades privadas y 53 de universidad pública; los resultados se contrastaron con los registros de desempeño académico de cada uno. Resultados: el consumo diario de azúcares y grasas (<35 %), la preferencia por alimentos fritos y la no ingesta de media tarde están asociados con un desempeño académico bajo de los estudiantes de universidad pública. El consumo diario de azúcares (26,4 %) y la baja ingesta de verduras y de media tarde están asociados con un desempeño bajo entre los estudiantes de universidad privada. Conclusiones: los estudiantes con desempeño superior mues­tran hábitos alimentarios más saludables, con mayor consumo de frutas, verduras y media tarde

Why is Communication a needed Prescription for prevention and post diagnosed minorities with Chronic Kidney Disease

The improper functioning of kidneys can lead to and possibly be diagnosed as Chronic Kidney Disease. My aim is to explore how the communication process affects the outcome of this disease in minorities. Information will be presented from various forms of research. This research will show the availability and accessibility of communication in areas with a higher number of at risk patients. Communication is imperative for controlling, maintaining, diagnosing and living with Chronic Kidney Disease. Through scholarly based, peer reviewed materials we will determine the needs of communication within the family, community and health care fields. Suggestions will be made on effectively using communication processes

Biology of <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>

Trypanosoma cruzi, an important zoonotic protozoan that causes Chagas disease, affects at least 8 million people in Latin America. Chagas disease is an important life-long infection in humans that can be divided into distinct clinical stages: the acute phase, where patient symptoms can vary from asymptomatic to severe; the indeterminate form, which is usually asymptomatic; and the chronic phase, where cardiomyopathy and/or digestive megasyndromes appear. In addition to its medical importance, T. cruzi is an interesting biological model for studying processes such as: (1) cell differentiation, where a non-infective stage transforms into an infective one; (2) cell invasion, where the infective stages are able to penetrate into a mammalian host cell, where they multiply several times and thus amplify the infection; and (3) evasion from the immune system, using several mechanisms. This book, with 13 chapters, has been organized in four major sections: 1. "Basic Biology," 2. "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology," 3. "Parasite"Host Cell Interaction," and 4 "Chemotherapy." The chapters include basic biological information on the protozoan lifecycle, including new information on parasite genomics and proteomics. In addition, they analyze the interaction with host cells as well the immune response and evasion, ending with information on experimental chemotherapy against Chagas disease